TitleIX-Discrimination In Sport.Are Male Athletes Getting A Raw Deal.

The implementation of title ix and the facts about discrimination in college sport

THIS ARTICLE IS IN 7 PARTS-this is part 2

In 1973 a thirty-three year-old Caucasian male named Allan Bakke applied to, and was denied admission to the University Of California Medical School at Davis.

In 1974 he filed another application and was once again rejected, even though his test scores were considerably higher than various minorities that were admitted under a special program. This special program specified that 16 out of 100 possible spaces for the students in the medical program were set aside solely for minorities, while the other 84 slots were for anyone who qualified, including minorities. Bakke felt that he surely would have received one of those 16 slots. What happened to Bakke is known as reverse discrimination. Bakke felt his rejections to be violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment, so he took the University of California Regents to the Superior Court of California. It was ruled that "the admissions program violated his rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment" The clause reads as follows: "...No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor without due process of the law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

In 1972 an amendment was passed in the US Constitution, granting equal rights in colleges. Title IX, as it is referred to, reads:

“No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, or denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal assistance” (Title IX: Facts and Myths).

At this point in history, college sports for males began to change. More drastically, the change has come in the last ten years.

Title IX does not only deal with sports, however, that seems to be the hardest place to control it. Any school receiving federal funds must give women an equal chance to participate in athletics.

The title also requires schools to treat men and women equally when it comes to scholarships, coaches, facilities, and equipment (What is Title IX?). When Title IX was introduced, it was intended to make men and women equals. Title IX is agreeable on paper. In other words, when it is written out on paper, the ideas of Title IX are equal and contain unlimited opportunity for both men and women to succeed in college athletics. However, the unlimited opportunity has so far sided with women. While it is essential to bring women up to speed with men, it is unacceptable to reduce the number of male participants to achieve equality.

It is fact that male athletics generates more money then female athletics. It is also fact that male athletics have been around for a much longer time. In the late 1800’s the NBA (National Basketball Association) was founded. Now there are 29 teams who play an average 74 games per season, this does not include if a team makes it to the playoffs. On the other end of that, the WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association) was founded in 1996 and started play in 1997. The league started with eight teams, and has now grown to 16 teams. The women play 30 game seasons, not including playoffs (Rouse, WNBA Expansion Team Progression). According to the Team Marketing Report, an average ticket costs $51.02 per person for an NBA game, and on average, a person will spend $72.53 at a game, for food and drink, a souvenir, etc. Where as, the average ticket price for a person at a WNBA game is $13 (Rascher, What is the Size of the Sports Industry?). Obviously there is a big difference in men and women’s sports, just based on the fact that men’s sports have been around longer. People are willing to pay the higher prices to see male sports.

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Perry Cook 2004

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